The innervation of the heart.

Clinical and research workers are occasionally confronted by problems concerning cardiac innervation that may not be answered by the scanty details given in textbooks, and special articles usually deal with only one facet of the subject. A resume of available information may therefore prove helpful. The heart is innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and afferents from the parietal pericardium are also conveyed through the intercostal and phrenic nerves. The autonomic nerves, like the somatic, are under the control of higher centres.